Solution table
A common way to solve a sudoku is to use a solution table. This solution table contains all the numbers a cell can have. When starting on a sudoku the solution table contains the numbers 1-9 in all cells.
Reducing
When solving the sudoku you can reduce the numbers in the solution table using different "logical" methods. Then you cross off a number from the solution table to mark the number as not possible in that cell. When you have only 1 number left in a cell this number must be the solution for the cell.
Below you see a solution table ready to be used. I have made a printerfriendly version too.
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If you want to learn methods you can use to reducing the solution table you can read about them in Reducingmethods